Earth System Science Data Discussions www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net 1866-3591 2 1 2009 10.5194/essdd-2-241-2009 http://www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/2/241/2009/ http://www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/2/241/2009/essdd-2-241-2009.html http://www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/2/241/2009/essdd-2-241-2009.pdf 241 280 2009-08-20 Atlantic Ocean CARINA data: overview and salinity adjustments T. Tanhua ttanhua@ifm-geomar.de R. Steinfeldt R. M. Key P. Brown N. Gruber R. Wanninkhof F. Perez A. Körtzinger A. Velo U. Schuster S. van Heuven J. L. Bullister I. Stendardo M. Hoppema A. Olsen A. Kozyr D. Pierrot C. Schirnick D. W. R. Wallace Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, Marine Biogeochemie, Kiel, Germany Institut für Umweltphysik, Univerität Bremen, Bremen, Germany Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, Miami FL, 33149, USA Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas – CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Department of Ocean Ecosystems, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-6349, USA Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Postfach 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNIFOB AS, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37922, USA Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, U. Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA Water column data of carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have gone through rigorous quality control procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for the pertinent parameters in the CARINA database were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Systematic biases found in the data have been corrected in the data products, i.e. three merged data files with measured, calculated and interpolated data for each of the three CARINA regions, i.e. Arctic, Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Ninety-eight of the cruises in the CARINA database were conducted in the Atlantic Ocean, defined here as the region south of the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge and north of about 30° S. Here we present an overview of the Atlantic Ocean synthesis of the CARINA data and the adjustments that were applied to the data product. We also report details of the secondary QC for salinity for this data set. Procedures of quality control – including crossover analysis between stations and inversion analysis of all crossover data – are briefly described. Adjustments to salinity measurements were applied to the data from 10 cruises in the Atlantic Ocean region. Based on our analysis we estimate the internal accuracy of the CARINA-ATL salinity data to be 4.1 ppm. With these adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP data, an oceanographic data set based on the World Hydrographic Program in the 1990s (Key et al., 2004), and is now suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation. Dickson, B., Yashayaev, I., Meincke, J., Turrell, B., Dye, S., and Holfort, J.: Rapid freshening of the deep North Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades, Nature, 416, 832–837, 2002. Gouretski, V. V. and Jancke, K.: Systematic errors as the cause for an apparent deep water property variability: global analysis of the WOCE and historical hydrographic data, Prog. Oceanogr., 48, 337–402, 2001. Johnson, G. C., Robbins, P. E., and Hufford, G. E.: Systematic adjustments of hydrographic sections for internal consistency, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 18, 1234–1244, 2001. Key, R. M., Kozyr, A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Wanninkhof, R., Bullister, J., Feely, R. 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Pierrot, D., Brown, P., van Heuven, S., Tanhua, T., Schuster, U., Wanninkhof, R., and Key, R.: CARINA TCO2 Data in the Atlantic Ocean, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, in preparation, 2009. Richardson, P. L., Bower, A. S., and Zenk, W.: A census of Meddies tracked by floats, Prog. Oceanogr., 45, 209–250, 2000. Sabine, C. L., Key, R. M., Johnson, K. M., Millero, F. J., Poisson, A., Sarmiento, J. L., Wallace, D. W. R., Winn, C. D., Anthropogenic CO₂ inventory of the Indian Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13(1), 179–198, 1999. Sabine, C. L., Key, R. M., Kozyr, A., Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Millero, F., Peng, T. H., Bullister, J., and Lee, K.: Global Ocean data analysis project (GLODAP): Results and dataNDP-083, ORNL/CDIAC-145, NDP-083, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, 110 pp. plus 6 Appendices, 2005. Steinfeldt, R., Tanhua, T., Bullister, J. L., Key, R. 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